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Unicode Confusables Detector

Detect homoglyphs, zero-width characters, and BiDi overrides used in phishing and supply-chain attacks. 100% client-side.

What are homoglyphs and unicode confusables

Homoglyphs are characters from different Unicode scripts that look identical or nearly identical to common ASCII characters. For example, the Cyrillic "а" (U+0430) is visually indistinguishable from the Latin "a" (U+0061). Attackers use these confusable characters to create phishing domains, forge email addresses, and disguise malicious filenames that appear legitimate to humans.

Unicode defines over 149,000 characters across 161 scripts. The Unicode Consortium maintains an official confusables.txt mapping that identifies visually similar character pairs, which this tool uses for detection.

Common unicode attack vectors

Attack typeTechniqueExample
IDN homographCyrillic/Greek chars in domainаpple.com (Cyrillic "а")
Zero-width injectionInvisible chars in filenamesinvoice[ZWJ].exe looks like .pdf
BiDi overrideRTL override reverses text displayfile[RLO]fdp.exe displays as fileexe.pdf
Source code trojanBiDi chars in code commentsLogic appears different than execution

How to protect against homoglyph attacks

Frequently asked questions

Is my text sent to any server?

No. All analysis runs entirely in your browser using JavaScript. The confusables database is loaded client-side and no network requests are made with your input data.

What is a BiDi override attack?

BiDi (Bidirectional) override characters like U+202E (Right-to-Left Override) force text to render in reverse order. Attackers insert these in filenames so that "photo[RLO]fdp.exe" displays as "photoexe.pdf", tricking users into executing malware. This technique also works in source code to make logic appear different from what actually executes.

Can homoglyph domains bypass browser warnings?

Modern browsers display internationalized domain names (IDN) in Punycode (e.g., xn--pple-43d.com) when they detect mixed scripts, which mitigates pure homoglyph attacks. However, single-script attacks (using only Cyrillic, for example) may still display as the intended lookalike in some browsers.